Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by high blood sugar (glucose).

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose levels rise, such as from eating food. When somebody has diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin or does not respond to insulin. Glucose remains in the bloodstream given this lack of regulation with insulin. Chronically high blood glucose levels, or hyperglycemia, increase the risk of health complications.

Symptoms of diabetes include urinating often (polyuria), feeling extremely thirsty (polydipsia), and blurry vision. The onset of symptoms is abrupt in Type 1 and gradual in Type 2. Given the slower development that can be over several years, individuals with Type 2 diabetes may not show symptoms (asymptomatic).

What about Prediabetes?

Prediabetes is a state between normal and high blood glucose levels that do not meet criteria for diabetes diagnosis. Prevention measures against transitioning to diabetes include dietary and lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery.

Did you know?

  • • Diabetes affects all organs except the lungs.
  • • Macrovascular complications of diabetes include cardiovascular disease, while microvascular complications include kidney impairment and neuropathy.
  • • Hemoglobin A1c represents average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months and is often used for diabetes management.
  • • It is important to not overcorrect high blood glucose as low levels (hypoglycemia) can be dangerous.